Structure
and Reactivity of Organic Molecules
Hybrid
orbitals, Molecular orbitals and Covalent bond, Bond angles, Heterolysis,
Polarity of covalent bond, Polarity of Molecules, Dipole moments,
Intermolecular forces, Boiling Point, Melting Point, Solubility,
Electronic
effects: Inductive effect, Electromeric or Mesomeric effect and Resonance.
Isomerism (structural and spatial).
Reaction
Progress - Activation Energy, Energy diagrams of Reactants and Products.
Aliphatic
Hydrocarbons
Nomenclature,
Physical properties, General Methods of Preparation and Characteristic
reactions of Alkanes, Alkenes and Alkynes; Heats of combustion or Heats of
Hydrogenation, Homologous series, Free radical reactions of Alkanes
(Halogenation), Catalytic reduction and Electrophilic addition reactions of
Alkenes and Alkadienes, Markonikov’s Addition, Anti Markonikov’s Addition,
Peroxide effect or Kharasch effect, Cis-Trans reduction of alkynes, Acidity of
1-Alkynes. Electrophilic addition reactions of alkynes, stability of conjugated
alkadienes and their addition reactions.
General
methods of preparation of Cycloalkanes: Nomenclature, ring size, stability,
Bayer's strain theory, Sachse - Mohr theory, Puckered rings, Congifguration and
Conformations of Cycloalkanes, axial and equatorial bonds, Cis-trans
Isomers.
Halogen
and Hydroxy Compounds
Nomenclature,
General Methods of preparation, Relative reactivity of Halides and Hydroxy
Compounds, primary, secondary and tertiary classes, Nucleophilic substitution
reactions (SN1 and SN2 ) - Walden inversion, Elimination reactions (E1 and E2 ) - Sayetzeffs rule.
Nucleophilic
substitution V s Elimination. Oxidation of alcohols;
Ethers:
Nomenclature, Properties and Synthesis (Williamson's synthesis and Ziesel’s
Method).
A) Carbonyl Compounds (Aldehydes and Ketones)
Nomenclature,
General Methods of Preparation, relative reactivities of Carbonyl Compounds,
Nucleophilic addition reactions, Addition-Elimination reactions - Schiffs
bases, oxidative reactions.
B) Carboxylic Acids and Acid Derivatives
(Acid
Halides, Anhydrides, Esters and Amides)
Nomenclature,
General Methods of Preparation of Carboxylic acids, Relative acidity of
Carboxylic acids, Action of alkalis, salt formation, Alpha - Halogenation and
functional (Nucleophilic substitution) reactions of Carboxylic acids and
methods of preparation of acid derivatives, Hydrolysis of acid derivatives,
Reactivity and synthetic applications of malonic ester and aceto-acetic
ester.
Nitrogen
Compounds
A) Nitro Compounds
Nomenclature,
methods of preparation
B) Amines:
Nomenclature,
primary, secondary and tertiary types, Relative Basicity of amines, Reactions
of amines, Action of Nitrous acid, alkylation and acylation, Nucleophilicity of
amines, Hinsberg's method of separation of amines.
Aryldiazonium
salts - Reactions (synthetic applications) of aryldiazonium salts.