Stereochemistry:
Elements of symmetry-plane of
symmetry, center of symmetry, alternating axis of symmetry and simple axis of
symmetry. Nomenclature – D, L and R, S- nomenclature, sequence rules, kinds of
molecules displaying optical activity. Stereochemistry of biphenyls, allenes
and spiranes. Cis/Trans, E-Z isomerism resulting from double bonds, monocyclic
compounds, fused ring systems. Racemic modifications and methods of resolution
of racemic mixtures. Asymmetric Synthesis and stereoselective synthesis.
Reactive
Intermediates: Definition,
generation, stability, structure and reactivity of free radicals, carbocations,
carbanions, carbenes, nitrenes/ nitrenium ions.
Mechanisms
of Organic Reactions: Electrophilic
(addition and substitution), Nucleophilic (addition and substitution),
elimination and free radical (addition and substitution) reactions.
Pericyclic
Reactions: Electrocyclic,
cycloaddition and sigmatropic reactions-introduction, terminology and mechanism
with suitable examples.
Molecular
Rearrangements:
1. Carbon to carbon migration: Wagner- Meerwin
rearrangement, Claisen rearrangement, Pinacol-pinacolone rearrangement and
Benzil- benzilic acid rearrangement.
2. Carbon to nitrogen migration: Hoffmann rearrangement,
Curtius rearrangement, Beckmann rearrangement and Lossen rearrangement.
3. Carbon to oxygen migration: Bayer- Villager
rearrangement and rearrangement of hydroperoxides.